Animation

[|Animation] is a simulation of movement that is created by a series of pictures, or frames. Common animations are cartoons on television.

Animation can be used to provide a moving visual explanation. More than a static diagram, an animation can show the viewer important details that are affected by time or motion.

[|Animation] - the rapid display of a sequence of images to create an illusion of movement. Animation can be made with either hand rendered art, computer generated imagery, or three-dimensional objects, e.g., puppets or clay figures, or a combination of techniques.

The position of each object in an image relates to the position of that object in the previous and following images so that the objects each appear to fluidly move independently of one another. The viewing device displays these images in rapid succession, usually 24, 25, or 30 frames per second.

[|Computer animation] [|3D computer graphics]

Animations are used to help engineers and science researchers visualize complex motions, interactions, muscle function, ...
 * [|Paleontology] - Engineering a dinosaur predator - Allosaurus feeding mechanics - animation used to understand how Allosaurus feeds on its prey based on the structure of its head fossils, estimated weight of bones, attachment of neck muscles, and feed behaviors of living relatives like falcons ...[|animation 2:34], [|audio .mp3]
 * [|Machinery]

Computer animators use computers to create moving pictures. The animator builds a figure on the computer monitor and then adds parts such as arms, eyes, legs, and clothes. After the animation is built, animators can move it around however they want. These images are used in video games, movies, TV, and on the computer.
 * Meet the people in Computer Animation**


 * [|Joe Daniels, Computer Animator] - I create moving and/or still imagery with the help of a computer. Most people call it computer animation or computer graphics. If I am creating animation or graphics for video or the web, there are a number of different ways to approach that, depending on the demands of the project.


 * What's the problem?**
 * **Ask** How might we WHAT for WHOM in order to CHANGE something? * **Imagine**  * **Plan, Create**  * **Improve**


 * That's engineering**
 * [|animated GIF] - A type of GIF image that can be animated by combining several images into a single GIF file. Applications that support the animated GIF standard, GIF89A, cycle through each image. GIF animation doesn't give the same level of control and flexibility as other animation formats but it has become extremely popular because it is supported by nearly all Web browsers. In addition, animated GIF files tend to be quite a bit smaller that other animation files, such as Java applets.

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 * Engineering ideas**

Here are some challenges for you to work on...
 * Do it**
 * create your own animation. Use one of the free web resources or apps to illustrate an interesting problem with an engineering solution. Learn about the different animation techniques and effects - stop motion,


 * News, updates**


 * Learn more...**
 * [|Animation of the feeding movements] of the head and neck of the Jurassic predatory theropod dinosaur Allosaurus based on multibody dynamics and soft-tissue reconstruction. Based on the article published in 2013 in Palaeontologia Electronica by Eric Snively, John Cotton, Ryan Ridgely, and Lawrence Witmer. Animation executed by Ridgely with the assistance of Snively and Witmer. Research supported by the NSF-funded Visible Interactive Dinosaur project, WitmerLab at Ohio University. [|video]
 * [|T. Rex's Smaller Cousin Ate Like a Falcon, Study Finds]

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